Higher-speed variant / First 30 µs
Taylor bar impact
280 m/s
A copper cylinder strikes a frictionless planar rigid wall at 280 m/s. Watch its impacting end spread while plastic strain develops, through 30 µs of simulated time.
One quarter of the bar is shown as computed, without mirroring or displacement enlargement. The two flat faces are symmetry planes. The translucent grey disc illustrates the planar rigid wall. Effective plastic strain uses a fixed 0–2.5 color scale; values above 2.5 use the top color.
The impacting end spreads from an initial radius of 3.20 mm to 8.02 mm. Maximum cell-averaged effective plastic strain is 3.84. These values describe this simulation, rather than differences from a reference solution.
Model and loading
Copper bar
Initial length 32.4 mm and radius 3.2 mm. The quarter model has 4,050 Hex8 · F-bar elements (2 × 2 × 2 integration) and 5,005 nodes, with symmetry constraints on two planes.
Rigid-wall impact
The bar starts with a uniform axial velocity of 280 m/s toward a stationary, frictionless planar rigid wall. The material uses elastic–plastic response with linear isotropic hardening.
| Material quantity | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 8,930 kg/m³ |
| Young’s modulus | 117 GPa |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.35 |
| Initial yield stress | 400 MPa |
| Plastic hardening modulus | 100 MPa |
Computed in single precision (FP32) on an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060. The video holds saved states for viewing; playback duration is not solver runtime.
What the result establishes
This video comes from a separate run completed to a specified end time of 30 µs. An earlier attempt to reach 80 µs stopped at approximately 32.2 µs. The bar is still moving in the displayed last state; no completed 80 µs result or settled final shape is claimed.
This configured example demonstrates solid plasticity and planar rigid-wall impact. It provides no calibrated error metric, mesh-convergence result or proof of rate-dependent material behavior.
Model origin and literature
These results use a MinuteSim-generated mesh and input deck. Geometry and copper material values follow the Taylor impact example in §4.3.2 of arXiv:2602.15149. That reference uses a different numerical method; it supplies model parameters here, not a comparison result. The 280 m/s case is a velocity variation of the 227 m/s setup.
The classical test is associated with Taylor (1948) and Wilkins and Guinan (1973). The figures and videos on this page are MinuteSim simulation outputs.
EXPERIMENTAL · Early-time higher-speed impact demonstration; no independent accuracy comparison is presented.